Jewish identities in Late Ancient Europe: Erwin Goodenough and its echoes
Main Article Content
Abstract
The aim of this paper is twofold. Firstly, we present a historiographical analysis of the debates around the type of Judaism that existed in Europe in late antiquity. Secondly, we present some definitions on the approach that we consider appropriate with which to trace the history of late ancient European Jewish communities. The text is structured around the work of Erwin Goodenough, who early on called into question the traditional thesis that posited a rapid expansion of the rabbinic movement, both in Palestine and throughout the diaspora and, furthermore, asserted the persistence of an alternative Judaism – Hellenistic and mystical – right until the end of late antiquity. We also present other more recent interpretations in relation to the life of the Jews in late-ancient Europe.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Works are released under Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional License which provides unrestricted use, copy and redistribution in any medium or format and remix, transform and build upon the original work properly cited. The Creative Commons License stipulates that: "You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author or licensor (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work)."
References
Baumgarten, J. (1999 [1970]). Art in the Synagogue: Some Talmudic Views. En S. Fine (ed.), Jews, Christians, and Polytheist in the Ancient Synagogue. Cultural Interaction during the Greco-Roman Period (pp. 62-76). Londres: Routledge.
Bickerman, E. (1965). Symbolism in the Dura Synagogue. Harvard Theological Review, 58, 127-151.
Blau, L. (1924). Early Christian Epigraphy from the Jewish Point of View. Hebrew Union College Annual, 1, 221-237.
Blau, L. (1926). Early Christian Archaeology from the Jewish Point of View. Hebrew Union College Annual, 3, 157-214.
Cappelletti, S. (2006). The Jewish Community of Rome. From the Second Century B.C. to the Third Century C.E. Leiden:Brill.
Cohen, J. (1999). Living Letters of the Law: Ideas of the Jew in Medieval Christianity. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Cohen, S. (1981). Epigraphical Rabbis. The Jewish Quarterly Review, 72(1), 1-17.
Colafemmina, C. (2000). Hebrew Inscriptions of the Early Medieval Period in Southern Italy. En B. Garvin y B. Cooperman (eds.), The Jews of Italy. Memory and Identity (pp. 65-81). Bethesda: University Press of Maryland.
Collar, A. (2013). Religious Networks in the Roman Empire: The Spread of New Ideas. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Colorni, V. (1964). L’uso del greco nella liturgia del giudaismo elenistico e la novella 146 di Giustiniano. Milán: Giuffre.
Edrei, A. y Mendels, D. (2007). A Split Jewish Diaspora: Its Dramatic Consequences. Journal for the study of the Pseudepigrapha, 16(2), 91-137.
Edrei, A. y Mendels, D. (2008). A Split Jewish Diaspora: Its Dramatic Consequences II. Journal for the study of the Pseudepigrapha, 17(3), 163-187.
Edrei, A. y Mendels, D. (2010). Zweierlei Diaspora. Zur Spaltung der antiken Jüdischen Welt. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Rupert.
Edrei, A. y Mendels, D. (2012). A Split Jewish Diaspora Again - A Response to Fergus Millar. Journal for the Study of the Pseudepigrapha, 21(3), 305-311.
Elsner, J. (2003). Archaeologies and Agendas: Reflections on Late Ancient Jewish Art and Early Christian Art. The Journal of Roman Studies, 93, 115-128.
Fine, S. (2005). Art and Judaism in the Greco-Roman World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Goodenough, E. (1935). By Light, Light: The Mystic Gospel of Hellenistic Judaism. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Goodenough, E. (1940). An Introduction to Philo Judaeus. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Goodenough, E. (1953-1968). Jewish Symbols in the Greco-Roman Period (13 vols.). Nueva York: Pantheon Books.
Goodenough, W. y Neusner, J. (1988). Jewish Symbols in the Greco-Roman Period (Abridged Edition). Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Goodman, M. (2007 [1994]). Sadducees and Essenes after 70 CE. En M. Goodman (ed.), Judaism in the Roman World (pp. 153-162). Leiden: Brill.
Hayes, C. (2007). The Other in Rabbinic Literature. En C. Fonrobert y M. Jaffee (eds.), The Cambridge Companion to the Talmud and Rabbinic Literature (pp. 243-269). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Heil, J. (2017). Die Konstruktion der Hispanisch-Jüdischen Geschichte der ersten Jahrhunderte – ein Versuch. Temas Medievales, 25, 39-61.
Hezser, C. y Leibner, U. (2016). Introduction. En C. Hezser y U. Leibner (eds.), Jewish Art in its Late Antique Context (pp. 1-23). Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck.
Hezser. C. (2010). Correlating Literary, Epigraphic, and Archaeological Sources. En C. Hezser (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Jewish Daily Life in Roman Palestine (pp. 9-27). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Laham Cohen, R. (2018). The Jews in Late Antiquity. Leeds: Arc Humanities Press.
Laham Cohen, R. (2019). La historia lacrimógena, la diáspora antes de la diáspora y los peligros de estudiar exclusivamente a los judíos. Sociedad y Religión, 29(52), 127-147.
Lapin, H. (2011). Epigraphical Rabbis: A Reconsideration. The Jewish Quarterly Review, 101(3), 311-346.
Leibner, U. (2016). Rabbinic Traditions and Synagogue Art. En C. Hezser y U. Leibner (eds.), Jewish Art in its Late Antique Context (pp. 139-154). Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck.
Leon, H. (1960). The Jews of Ancient Rome. The Social life of the Jews of Ancient Rome gleaned from the Caracomb Inscriptions. Filadelfia: The Jewish Publication Society of America.
Levine, L. (1989 [1985 en hebreo]). The Rabbinic Class of Roman Palestine in Late Antiquity. Jerusalén: Ben-Zvi.
Levine, L. (2005 [2000]). The Ancient Synagogue. The first Thousand Years. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Linder, A. (1987). The Jews in Roman Imperial Legislation. Detroit: Wayne State University.
Magness, J. (2005). Heaven on Earth: Helios and the Zodiac Cycle in Ancient Palestinian Synagogues. Dumbarton Oaks Papers, 59, 1-52.
Miller, S. (1999). The Rabbis and the non-existent monolithic synagogue. En S. Fine (ed.), Jews, Christians, and Polytheist in the Ancient Synagogue. Cultural Interaction during the Greco-Roman Period (pp. 50-61). Londres: Routledge.
Miller, S. (2004). “Epigraphical” Rabbis, Helios, and Psalm 19: Were the Synagogues of Archaeology and the Synagogues of the Sages One and the Same?. The Jewish Quarterly Review, 94, 27–76.
Neusner, J. (1963). Jewish use of pagan symbols after 70 C.E. The Journal of Religion, 43, 285-294.
Neusner, J. (1964). Judaism at Dura- Europos. History of Religions, 4, 81-102.
Noy, D. (1993). Jewish Inscriptions of Western Europe. Vol I, Italy (excluding the city of Rome), Spain and Gaul. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (= I JIWE).
Noy, D. (1994). The Jewish Communities of Leontopolis and Venosa. En J. Van Henten y P. Van der Horst (eds.), Studies in Early Jewish Epigraphy (pp. 162-182).Leiden: Brill.
Noy, D. (1998). Letters out of Judaea: Echoes of Israel in Jewish Inscriptions from Europe. En S. Jones y S. Pearce (eds.), Jewish Local Patriotism and Self-Identification in the Graeco-Roman Period (pp. 106-117). Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press.
Noy, D. y Bloedhorn, H. (eds.) (2004). Inscriptiones Judaicae Orientis, V. III Syria und Cyprus. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck (= IJO 3).
Remling, F. (ed.) (1852). Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Bischöfe zu Speyer. Mainz: Kirchheim und Schott.
Rutgers, L. (1998). Recent Trends in the Study of Ancient Diaspora Judaism. En L. Rutgers, The Hidden Heritage of Diaspora Judaism (pp. 15-41). Lovaina: Peeters.
Rutgers, L. (1999). Incense Shovels at Sepphoris. En E. Meyers (ed.), Galilee Through the Centuries. Confluence of Cultures (pp. 177-198). Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns.
Sanders, E. (1992). Judaism. Practice & Belief 63 BCE – 66 CE. Londres: SCM.
Sandmel, S. (1970). An Appreciation. En J. Neusner (ed.), Religions in Antiquity. Essays in Memory of Erwin Ramsdell Goodenough (pp. 3-17). Leiden: Brill.
Schwartz, S. (2001). Imperialism and Jewish Society. 200 B.C.E. to 640 C.E. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Schwartz, S. (2002). Rabbinization in the Sixth Century. En P. Schäfer (ed.), The Talmud Yerushalmi and Graeco – Roman Culture III (pp. 55-69). Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck.
Smith, M. (1967). Goodenough’s Jewish Symbols in Retrospect. Journal of Biblical Literature, 86, 53–68.
Talgam, R. (2014). Mosaics of Faith. Floors of Pagan, Jews, Samaritans, Christians, and Muslims in the Holy Land. Jerusalén: Yad Ben Zvi.
Urbach, E. (1959). The Rabbinical Laws of Idolatry in the Second and Third Centuries in Light of Archaeological and Historical Facts. Israel Exploration Journal, 9(4), 229-245.
Van der Horst, P. (2014). Saxa Judaica Loquuntur. Lessons from Early Jewish Inscriptions. Leiden: Brill.
Vitto, F. (1981). The Synagogue at Rehob. En L. Levine (ed.), Ancient Synagogues Revealed (pp. 90-94). Jerusalén: Israel Exploration Society.
Yuval-Hacham, N. (2019). Art and Identity in Late Antique Synagogues of the Roman-Byzantine Diaspora. Arts, 8(164), 1-18.