Hybridization, ethnicity and cultural exchange in the Early Ptolemaic Egypt (S. IV-III A.C.)
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Abstract
Since the emergence of the New Cultural History in the late eighties, the historiographical production in the field of cultural studies seems endless. The multiplicity of concepts, some without further differentiation from the above or directly overlapped on content, received plenty of criticism, mostly because of the difficulty of combining theories with available sources as well as alleged epistemological weaknesses.
In this article we propose an updated analysis of various models of cultural analysis used for the study of pre-capitalist societies. In particular, we propose a methodological approach that combines elements from anthropology, semiotics and history, to decide which concepts are more convenient when dealing with ancient sources.
Also, in order to assess the relevance of these approaches to the analysis of Ancient History and specifically Hellenistic, we propose the implementation of some of the proposed conceptualizations of particular historical cases of our specialty, i.e. those linked to the shaping process of the Ptolemaic state (IV-III centuries BC).
In this article we propose an updated analysis of various models of cultural analysis used for the study of pre-capitalist societies. In particular, we propose a methodological approach that combines elements from anthropology, semiotics and history, to decide which concepts are more convenient when dealing with ancient sources.
Also, in order to assess the relevance of these approaches to the analysis of Ancient History and specifically Hellenistic, we propose the implementation of some of the proposed conceptualizations of particular historical cases of our specialty, i.e. those linked to the shaping process of the Ptolemaic state (IV-III centuries BC).
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Saade, A. E. (2016). Hybridization, ethnicity and cultural exchange in the Early Ptolemaic Egypt (S. IV-III A.C.). Sociedades Precapitalistas, 6(1), e011. Retrieved from https://www.sociedadesprecapitalistas.fahce.unlp.edu.ar/article/view/SPe011
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References
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Anagnostou-Canas, B. (1989). Rapports de dépendance coloniale dans l'Égypt eptolémaiche.
I.: L' appareil militaire. Bulletino del’Istituto di Diritto Romano Vitorio Scialoja, 31-32, pp. 151-236.
Bagnall, R. (1984). The origins of Ptolemaic cleruchs. The Bulletin of the American Society of Papyrologists, 21, pp. 7-20.
Bagnall, R. (1995). Reading Papyri, Writing Ancient History. Londres: Routledge.
Bagnall, R. & Derow, P. (2004). The Hellenistic period: historical sources in traslation. Oxford: Blackwell.
Bhabha, H. (1994). The Location of Culture. Londres: Routledge.
Branham, R. B. (ed.) (2002). Bakhtin and the Classics. Evanston: Northwestern University Press.
Chartier, R. (2007). ¿Existe una nueva historia cultural?. En S. Gayol y M. Madero (eds.). Formas de historia cultural. Buenos Aires: Prometeo.
Chianotis, A. (2002). Foreign Soldiers – Native girls? Construction and Crossing Boundaries in Hellenistic Cities with Garrisons. In A. Chaniotis & P. Ducrey (eds.). Army and Power in the Ancient World. Stuttgart: Steiner.
Clarysse, W. (1985). Greeks and Egyptians in the Ptolemaic army and administration. Aegyptus, 65, pp. 57-66.
Clarysse, W. (1994). Greeks and Persians in a bilingual census list. EVO, 17, pp. 69-77.
Bajtín, M. (1981). The Dialogical Imagination. Austin: University of Texas Press.
Berner, U. (2001). The Notion of Syncretism in Historical and/or Empirical Research. Historical Reflections/Reflexions Historiques, 27, pp. 499-509.
Bingen, J. (1975). Le milieu urbain dans la chôra égyptienne à l'époque ptolémaïche. En Proccedings of the XIV International Congress of Papyrologists. London: Egypt Exploration Society.
Burke, P. (2010). Hibridismo cultural. Madrid: Akal.
Darnton, R. (1982). The Great Cat Massacre and Other Episodes in French Cultural History. New York: Basic Books.
Darnton, R. (2010). El beso de Lamourette: reflexiones sobre historia cultural. Buenos Aires: FCE.
Dosse, F. (2006). La historia en migajas. México: Universidad Iberoamericana.
Dunand, F. (1973). Le culte d’Isis dans le bassin orientale de la méditerranée. Leiden.
Eisenstadt, S. (1993). The political systems of empires. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers.
Finley, M. (1984) Uso y abuso de la historia. Barcelona: Crítica.
Finley, M. (1982) Esclavitud Antigua e Ideología Moderna, Barcelona: Crítica.
Fischer-Bovet, C. (2013). Egyptian warriors: the machimoi of Herodotus and the Ptolemaic army. The Classical Quarterly, 63, pp. 206-236.
Fischer-Bovet, C. (2014). Army and Society in Ptolemaic Egypt. New York: Cambridge Universiy Press
Frankfurten, D. (1998). Religion in Roman Egypt. Assimilation and Resistance. Princeton: Princeton University Press
Fraser, P. M. (1996). Cities of Alexander the Great. New York: Oxford University Press.
García Gual, C. (trad.) (2008). Vida y hazañas de Alejandro de Macedonia. Barcelona: Gredos.
Gauthier, P. (1966). Les clérouques de Lesbos et la colonization athénienne au Ve siècle. Revue des Études Grecques, 79, pp. 64-88.
Gauthier, P. (1973). A propos des clérouquies athéniennes du Ve siècle. In M. Finley (ed.). Problemes de la terre en Grèce ancienne. París-La Haya: Mouton.
Geertz, C. (1973). The Interpretation of Cultures. New York: Basic Books.
Ginzburg, C. (2010). El hilo y las huellas: lo verdadero, lo falso, lo ficticio. Buenos Aires: FCE.
Gruen, E. (2006). Greeks and Non-Greeks. In G. R. Bugh (ed.). The Cambridge Companion to the Hellenistic World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Gruen, E. (2011). Rethinking the other in Antiquity. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Gruzinski, S. (1991). La colonización de lo imaginario. México: FCE.
Habermann, W. (2004). Gymnasienim ptolemäischen Ägypten - eine Skizze. In D. Kah, & P. Scholz (eds.). Das hellenistiche Gymnasyon. Berlin: Wissenskultur und geselischaftlicher Wandel 8.
Hunt, L. (ed.) (1989). The New Cultural History. Berkeley-Los Angeles-Londres: University of California Press.
Jones, A. H. M. (1957). Athenian democracy. Oxford: Blackwell .
Koenen, L. (1993) .The Ptolemaic king as a religious figure. In A. Bulloch, E. Gruen, A.A. long & A. Stewart (eds.). Images and Ideologies: Self-Definition in the Hellenistic World. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Kosmin, P. (2014). The land of Elephant Kings. Space, territory and ideology in the Seleucid Empire. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Launey, M. (1949). Recherches sur les armees hellenistiques. Paris: Bibliotheque des Écoles francaises d’Athenes et de Rome.
Malkin, I. (ed.) (2001). Ancient perceptions of Greek ethnicity. Center for Hellenic Studies Colloquia, 5. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Manning, J. (2003). Land and power in Ptolemaic Egypt: The Structure of Land Tenure. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Manning, J. (2010). The last pharaohs: Egypt under the Ptolemies, 305-30 BC. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
Mehl, A. (1992). Erziehungzum Hellenen – Erziehungzum Weltburger. Bemerkungen
zum Gymnasionim hellenistischen Osten, Nikephoros, 5, pp. 43–73.
Moyer, I. (2011). Egypt and the limits of the Hellenism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Momigliano, A. (1975). Alien wisdom: the limits of Hellenization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Oates, J. (1995). The Ptolemaic basilikos grammateus. Atlanta: Scholars Press.
Pestman, P. W. (1978). L'agoranomie: un avant-poste de l'administration grecque enlevé par les Égyptiens. In V.M. Strocka & H. Maehler (eds.). Das Ptolemäische Aegypten. Mainz: Philipp von Zabern.
Pestman, P. W. & Clarysse, W. (1981). A Guide to the Zenon Archive. Leiden: Papyrologica Lugduno-Batava.
Préaux, C. (1979). L’´economie royale des Lagides. New York: Ancient Economic History.
Rostovtzeff, M. (1941). The social and economic history of the Hellenistic world. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Rowlandson, J. (1995). Beyond the Polis: women and economic opportunity in early Ptolemaic Egypt. In A. Powell (ed.). The Greek World. London: Routledge.
Rowlandson, J. (1998). Women and Society in Greek and Roman Egypt. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Rowlandson, J. (2003). Approaching the peasantry of Greco-Roman Egypt: From Rostovtzeff to rhetoric. In D. Jeffreys (ed.). Views of ancient Egypt since Napoleon Bonaparte: Imperialism, colonialism and modern appropriations. London: UCL Press.
Rowlandson, J. (2005). Town and country in Ptolemaic Egypt. In A. Erskine (ed.). A companion to the Hellenistic world. Oxford: Blackwell.
Said, E. (1996). Cultura e imperialismo. Barcelona: Anagrama.
Shipley, G. (2001). El mundo griego después de Alejandro (323- 30 a.C). Barcelona: Crítica.
Sherwin-White, S. & Kuhrt, A. (1993). From Samarkhand to Sardis. A new approach to the Seleucid empire. London: Duckworth.
Stephens, S. (2003). Seing double: intercultural poetics in Ptolemaic Alexandria. California: California University Press.
Tarn, W. & Griffith, G. (1952). Hellenistic civilization. Barcelona: Edward Arnold.
Thompson, D. (1984). Agriculture. In F. Walbank, A Astin, M. W. Frederiksen & R. Ogilvie (eds.). The Cambridge Ancient History, vol. VII, Part 1: The Hellenistic World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Thompson, D. (2001). Hellenistic Hellenes: the case of Ptolemaic Egypt. In I. Malkin (ed.) Ancient perceptions of Greek ethnicity. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Van ’t Dack, E., Clarysse, W., Cohen, G., Quaegebeur, J. & Winnicki, J. K. (1989). The Judean–Syrian–Egyptian conflict of 103–101 BC: a multilingual dossier concerning a “War of Sceptres”. Collectanea Hellenistica 1: Brussels.
Wachtel, N. (1971). La visión des vaincus. París: Gallimard.
Williams, R. (1994). Sociología de la cultura. Barcelona: Paidós.
Zemon Davis, N. (1979). Society and Culture in Early Modern France. Stanford: Stanford University Press
Anagnostou-Canas, B. (1989). Rapports de dépendance coloniale dans l'Égypt eptolémaiche.
I.: L' appareil militaire. Bulletino del’Istituto di Diritto Romano Vitorio Scialoja, 31-32, pp. 151-236.
Bagnall, R. (1984). The origins of Ptolemaic cleruchs. The Bulletin of the American Society of Papyrologists, 21, pp. 7-20.
Bagnall, R. (1995). Reading Papyri, Writing Ancient History. Londres: Routledge.
Bagnall, R. & Derow, P. (2004). The Hellenistic period: historical sources in traslation. Oxford: Blackwell.
Bhabha, H. (1994). The Location of Culture. Londres: Routledge.
Branham, R. B. (ed.) (2002). Bakhtin and the Classics. Evanston: Northwestern University Press.
Chartier, R. (2007). ¿Existe una nueva historia cultural?. En S. Gayol y M. Madero (eds.). Formas de historia cultural. Buenos Aires: Prometeo.
Chianotis, A. (2002). Foreign Soldiers – Native girls? Construction and Crossing Boundaries in Hellenistic Cities with Garrisons. In A. Chaniotis & P. Ducrey (eds.). Army and Power in the Ancient World. Stuttgart: Steiner.
Clarysse, W. (1985). Greeks and Egyptians in the Ptolemaic army and administration. Aegyptus, 65, pp. 57-66.
Clarysse, W. (1994). Greeks and Persians in a bilingual census list. EVO, 17, pp. 69-77.
Bajtín, M. (1981). The Dialogical Imagination. Austin: University of Texas Press.
Berner, U. (2001). The Notion of Syncretism in Historical and/or Empirical Research. Historical Reflections/Reflexions Historiques, 27, pp. 499-509.
Bingen, J. (1975). Le milieu urbain dans la chôra égyptienne à l'époque ptolémaïche. En Proccedings of the XIV International Congress of Papyrologists. London: Egypt Exploration Society.
Burke, P. (2010). Hibridismo cultural. Madrid: Akal.
Darnton, R. (1982). The Great Cat Massacre and Other Episodes in French Cultural History. New York: Basic Books.
Darnton, R. (2010). El beso de Lamourette: reflexiones sobre historia cultural. Buenos Aires: FCE.
Dosse, F. (2006). La historia en migajas. México: Universidad Iberoamericana.
Dunand, F. (1973). Le culte d’Isis dans le bassin orientale de la méditerranée. Leiden.
Eisenstadt, S. (1993). The political systems of empires. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers.
Finley, M. (1984) Uso y abuso de la historia. Barcelona: Crítica.
Finley, M. (1982) Esclavitud Antigua e Ideología Moderna, Barcelona: Crítica.
Fischer-Bovet, C. (2013). Egyptian warriors: the machimoi of Herodotus and the Ptolemaic army. The Classical Quarterly, 63, pp. 206-236.
Fischer-Bovet, C. (2014). Army and Society in Ptolemaic Egypt. New York: Cambridge Universiy Press
Frankfurten, D. (1998). Religion in Roman Egypt. Assimilation and Resistance. Princeton: Princeton University Press
Fraser, P. M. (1996). Cities of Alexander the Great. New York: Oxford University Press.
García Gual, C. (trad.) (2008). Vida y hazañas de Alejandro de Macedonia. Barcelona: Gredos.
Gauthier, P. (1966). Les clérouques de Lesbos et la colonization athénienne au Ve siècle. Revue des Études Grecques, 79, pp. 64-88.
Gauthier, P. (1973). A propos des clérouquies athéniennes du Ve siècle. In M. Finley (ed.). Problemes de la terre en Grèce ancienne. París-La Haya: Mouton.
Geertz, C. (1973). The Interpretation of Cultures. New York: Basic Books.
Ginzburg, C. (2010). El hilo y las huellas: lo verdadero, lo falso, lo ficticio. Buenos Aires: FCE.
Gruen, E. (2006). Greeks and Non-Greeks. In G. R. Bugh (ed.). The Cambridge Companion to the Hellenistic World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Gruen, E. (2011). Rethinking the other in Antiquity. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Gruzinski, S. (1991). La colonización de lo imaginario. México: FCE.
Habermann, W. (2004). Gymnasienim ptolemäischen Ägypten - eine Skizze. In D. Kah, & P. Scholz (eds.). Das hellenistiche Gymnasyon. Berlin: Wissenskultur und geselischaftlicher Wandel 8.
Hunt, L. (ed.) (1989). The New Cultural History. Berkeley-Los Angeles-Londres: University of California Press.
Jones, A. H. M. (1957). Athenian democracy. Oxford: Blackwell .
Koenen, L. (1993) .The Ptolemaic king as a religious figure. In A. Bulloch, E. Gruen, A.A. long & A. Stewart (eds.). Images and Ideologies: Self-Definition in the Hellenistic World. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Kosmin, P. (2014). The land of Elephant Kings. Space, territory and ideology in the Seleucid Empire. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Launey, M. (1949). Recherches sur les armees hellenistiques. Paris: Bibliotheque des Écoles francaises d’Athenes et de Rome.
Malkin, I. (ed.) (2001). Ancient perceptions of Greek ethnicity. Center for Hellenic Studies Colloquia, 5. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Manning, J. (2003). Land and power in Ptolemaic Egypt: The Structure of Land Tenure. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Manning, J. (2010). The last pharaohs: Egypt under the Ptolemies, 305-30 BC. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
Mehl, A. (1992). Erziehungzum Hellenen – Erziehungzum Weltburger. Bemerkungen
zum Gymnasionim hellenistischen Osten, Nikephoros, 5, pp. 43–73.
Moyer, I. (2011). Egypt and the limits of the Hellenism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Momigliano, A. (1975). Alien wisdom: the limits of Hellenization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Oates, J. (1995). The Ptolemaic basilikos grammateus. Atlanta: Scholars Press.
Pestman, P. W. (1978). L'agoranomie: un avant-poste de l'administration grecque enlevé par les Égyptiens. In V.M. Strocka & H. Maehler (eds.). Das Ptolemäische Aegypten. Mainz: Philipp von Zabern.
Pestman, P. W. & Clarysse, W. (1981). A Guide to the Zenon Archive. Leiden: Papyrologica Lugduno-Batava.
Préaux, C. (1979). L’´economie royale des Lagides. New York: Ancient Economic History.
Rostovtzeff, M. (1941). The social and economic history of the Hellenistic world. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Rowlandson, J. (1995). Beyond the Polis: women and economic opportunity in early Ptolemaic Egypt. In A. Powell (ed.). The Greek World. London: Routledge.
Rowlandson, J. (1998). Women and Society in Greek and Roman Egypt. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Rowlandson, J. (2003). Approaching the peasantry of Greco-Roman Egypt: From Rostovtzeff to rhetoric. In D. Jeffreys (ed.). Views of ancient Egypt since Napoleon Bonaparte: Imperialism, colonialism and modern appropriations. London: UCL Press.
Rowlandson, J. (2005). Town and country in Ptolemaic Egypt. In A. Erskine (ed.). A companion to the Hellenistic world. Oxford: Blackwell.
Said, E. (1996). Cultura e imperialismo. Barcelona: Anagrama.
Shipley, G. (2001). El mundo griego después de Alejandro (323- 30 a.C). Barcelona: Crítica.
Sherwin-White, S. & Kuhrt, A. (1993). From Samarkhand to Sardis. A new approach to the Seleucid empire. London: Duckworth.
Stephens, S. (2003). Seing double: intercultural poetics in Ptolemaic Alexandria. California: California University Press.
Tarn, W. & Griffith, G. (1952). Hellenistic civilization. Barcelona: Edward Arnold.
Thompson, D. (1984). Agriculture. In F. Walbank, A Astin, M. W. Frederiksen & R. Ogilvie (eds.). The Cambridge Ancient History, vol. VII, Part 1: The Hellenistic World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Thompson, D. (2001). Hellenistic Hellenes: the case of Ptolemaic Egypt. In I. Malkin (ed.) Ancient perceptions of Greek ethnicity. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Van ’t Dack, E., Clarysse, W., Cohen, G., Quaegebeur, J. & Winnicki, J. K. (1989). The Judean–Syrian–Egyptian conflict of 103–101 BC: a multilingual dossier concerning a “War of Sceptres”. Collectanea Hellenistica 1: Brussels.
Wachtel, N. (1971). La visión des vaincus. París: Gallimard.
Williams, R. (1994). Sociología de la cultura. Barcelona: Paidós.
Zemon Davis, N. (1979). Society and Culture in Early Modern France. Stanford: Stanford University Press