As Leis Agrárias do iní­cio da República romana (486-442 a.C.): Conflito pela terra e pelo poder na construção da República romana

Contenido principal del artículo

José Ernesto Moura Knust

Resumen

Os textos antigos mencionam uma série de propostas de leis agrárias ao longo da história da República romana. Estes textos enquadram estas propostas a partir dos temas ensejados pela crise dos irmãos Graco e pelo enredo do Conflito das Ordens, entre Patrí­cios e Plebeus. As informações sobre os projetos de lei agrária anteriores aos Graco presentes nos textos antigos são, portanto, em muito contaminadas pelo que seus autores pensavam do episódio gracano. Tendo esse problema metodológico em mente, este artigo apresenta uma reinterpretação sobre o mais antigo ciclo de propostas de leis agrárias que temos notí­cia, entre 486 e 442 a.C.. A partir do estudo dessas leis, se analisará a questão agrária da época, relacionando-a com as transformações do sistema agrário que a agricultura mediterrãnica vivia naquele tempo e com as transformações na posição polí­tica do campesinato no contexto da emergência das cidades-estado mediterrãnicas.

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Detalles del artículo

Cómo citar
Knust, J. E. M. (2021). As Leis Agrárias do iní­cio da República romana (486-442 a.C.): Conflito pela terra e pelo poder na construção da República romana. Sociedades Precapitalistas, 11, e057. https://doi.org/10.24215/22505121e057
Sección
Dossier: Los Campesinos en la Historia

Citas

Alcock, S. E. (2012). The essential countryside: The Greek World. In: S. E. Alcock & R. Osborne (Orgs.), Classical archaeology (2o ed). Chichester; Malden: Wiley-Blackwell.

Alföldi, A. (1965). Early Rome and the Latins. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.

Ampolo, C. (1990). Roma arcaica ed i latini nem V secolo. In: G. Colonna (Org.), Crise et transformation des sociétés archaïques de l’Italie antique au Ve siècle J.-C. Actes de la table ronde de Rome (19-21 novembre 1987). Roma: Ecole Française de Rome.

Attema, P. A. J., Burgers, G.-J. L. M., & Leusen, M. van. (2010). Regional pathways to complexity: Settlement and land-use dynamics in early Italy from the Bronze Age to the Republican period. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.

Capogrossi Colognesi, L. (1981). La terra in Roma antica: Forme di proprietí e rapporti produttivi. Roma: La Sapienza.

Congost, R. (2007). Tierras, leyes, historia: Estudios sobre “la gran obra de la propiedad”. Barcelona: Editorial Critica.

Cornell, T. (1995). The Beginnings of Rome: Italy and Rome from the Bronze Age to the Punic Wars (c.1000–264 BC). London: Routledge.

De Haas, T. (2011). Fields, farms and colonists: Intensive field survey and early Roman colonization in the Pontine region, central Italy. Eelde: Barkhuis.

De Sanctis, G. (1907). Storia dei Romani, vols. I-II: La conquista del primato in Italia. Torino: Fratelli Bocca.

Di Giuseppe, H. (2005). Villae, villullae e fattorie nella Media Valle Del Tevere. In: B. S. Frizell & A. Klynne (Orgs.), Roman Villas Around the Urbs: Interaction with Landscape and Environment. Proceedings of a Conference at the Swedish Institute in Rome, September 17-18, 2004. Roma: Swedish Institute in Rome.

Ducrey, P. (1999). Guerre et guerriers dans la Grèce antique (2a ed). Paris: Office du livre.

Faversani, F., & Joly, F. D. (2015). Expansão na Itália: Da Liga Latina ao saque de Roma. In: J. L. Brandão & F. de Oliveira (Orgs.), História de Roma Antiga. Volume 1: Das origens í morte de César. Coimbra: Imprensa universitária de Coimbra.

Flower, H. I. (2010). Roman Republics. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Forsythe, G. (2006). A Critical History of Early Rome: From Prehistory to the First Punic War. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Frederiksen, M. (1970). The contribution of Archaeology to the Agrarian Problem in the Gracchan Period. Dialoghi di Archaeologia, VI–V (2–3).

Gabba, E. (1964). Studi su Diogini d’Alicarnasso. III. La proposta di legge agraria di Spurio Cassio. Athenaeum, 42, 29–41.

Gabba, E. (1991). Dionysius and The History of Archaic Rome. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Garnsey, P. (1989). Famine and Food Supply in the Graeco-Roman World: Responses to Risk and Crisis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Ghisleni, M., et al. (2011). Excavating the Roman Peasant I: Excavations at Pievina (GR). Papers of the British School at Rome, 79, 95–145.

Halstead, P. (1987). Traditional and Ancient Rural Economy in Mediterranean Europe: Plus ça Change? The Journal of Hellenic Studies, 107, 77–87.

Hermon, E. (2001). Habiter et partager les terres avant les Gracques. Roma: École française de Rome.

Hopkins, K. (1978). Conquerors and slaves. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Knust, J. E. M. (2016). Longe dos muros. Uma história econí´mica e social do assentamento rural na Itália central tirrênica no contexto da conquista romana (séculos V a III a.C.). Niterói: Universidade Federal Fluminense.

Knust, J. E. M. (2019). Os Pláucios, a emancipação da plebe e a expansão romana: Conectando as histórias interna e externa da República Romana. Esboços: histórias em contextos globais, 26(42), 234–254.

Launaro, A. (2011). Peasants and slaves: The rural population of Roman Italy (200 BC to AD 100). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Ligt, L. de. (2012). Peasants, Citizens and Soldiers: Studies in the Demographic History of Roman Italy 225 BC–AD 100. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Meunier, N. (2013). Les constructions narratives chez Tite-Live. L’exemple des leges agrariae dans la première décade de l’Ab Urbe condita. Res Antiquae, 10.

Patterson, H., Di Giuseppe, H., & Witcher, R. (2004). Three South Etrurian ‘crises’: First results of the Tiber Valley Project. Papers of the British School at Rome, 72, 1–36.

Potter, T. W. (1979). The changing landscape of South Etruria. London: Elek.

Raaflaub, K. A. (2003). Soldiers, citizens, and the evolution of the early Greek polis. In: L. Mitchell & P. J. Rhodes (Orgs.), The Development of the Polis in Archaic Greece. London: Taylor & Francis.

Richardson, J. H. (2008). Ancient Historical Thought and the Development of the Consulship. Latomus, 67 (2), 328–341.

Roselaar, S. T. (2010). Public Land in the Roman Republic: A Social and Economic History of Ager Publicus in Italy, 396-89 BC. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Scheidel, W. (2004). Human Mobility in Roman Italy, I: The Free Population. The Journal of Roman Studies, 94, 1–26.

Smith. (2006). The Roman Clan: The Gens from Ancient Ideology to Modern Anthropology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Snodgrass, A. M. (1965). The Hoplite Reform and History. The Journal of Hellenic Studies, 85, 110–122.

Snodgrass, A. M. (1993). The “hoplite reform” revisited. Dialogues d’histoire ancienne, 19(1), 47–61.

Terrenato, N. (2007). The clans and the peasants: Reflections on social structure and change in Hellenistic Central Italy. In: N. Terrenato & P. A. R. van Dommelen, Articulating local cultures: Power and identity under the expanding Roman Republic. Portsmouth: Journal of Roman Archaeology.

Terrenato, N. (2012). The essential countryside: The Roman world. In: S. E. Alcock & R. Osborne, Classical Archaeology (2o ed). Chichester; Malden: Wiley-Blackwell.

Terrenato, N. (2014). Private Vis, Public Virtus. Family agendas during the early Roman expansion. In: J. Pelgrom & T. D. Stek (Orgs.), Roman Republican Colonisation: New perspectives from archaeology and ancient history. Portsmouth: Journal of Roman Archaeology.

Terrenato, N. (2019). The Early Roman Expansion into Italy: Elite Negotiation and Family Agendas. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Toynbee, A. J. (1965). Hannibal’s legacy: The Hannibalic War’s effects on Roman life. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Vaccaro, E., et al. (2013). Excavating the Roman peasant II: Excavations at Case Nuove, Cinigiano (GR). Papers of the British School at Rome, 81, 129–179.

Vallat, J.-P. (1987). Les structures agraires de l’Italie républicaine. Annales. Économies, Sociétés, Civilisations, 42(1), 181–218.

van Dommelen, P., & Gómez Bellard, C. (Orgs.). (2008). Rural landscapes of the Punic world. London: Equinox.

van Wees, H. (2000). The development of the hoplite phalanx: Iconography and reality in the seventh century. In: H. van Wees (Org.), War and Violence in Ancient Greece. Swansea: Duckworth and the Classical Press of Wales.

Ward-Perkins, J. B. (1955). Notes on Southern Etruria and the Ager Veientanus. Papers of the British School at Rome, 23, 44–72.

Witcher, R. (2012). ‘That from a long way off look like farms’: The classification of Roman Rural sites. In: P. Attema & G. Schörner, Comparative issues in the archaeology of the roman rural landscape: Site classification between survey, excavation and historical categories. Portsmouth: Journal of Roman Archaeology.